In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of 
his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers 
and Duties of the said Office, the Same shall devolve on 
the Vice President, and the Congress may by law provide 
for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, 
both of the President and Vice President, declaring what 
Officer shall then act as President, and such Officer shall act 
accordingly, until the Disability be removed, or a President 
shall be elected.

The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, 
a Compensation, which shall neither be encreased nor 
diminished during the Period for which he shall have been 
elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any 
other Emolument from the United States, or any of them.

Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take 
the following Oath or Affirmation:– I do solemly swear (or 
affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President 
of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, 
preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United 
States.

Section 2

The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army 
and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the 
several States, when called into the actual Service of the 
United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of 
the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, 
upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective 
Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and 
Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in 
Cases of Impeachment.

He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent 
of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the 
Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and 
with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint 
Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges 
of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United 
States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise 
provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but 
the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such 
inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President 
alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.

The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that 
may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting 
Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next 
Session.

Section 3

He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information 
of the State of the Union, and recommend to their 
Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary 
and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, 
convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of 
Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time 
of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as 
he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and 
other public Ministers; he shall take Care that the Laws be 
faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers 
of the United States.

Section 4

The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of 
the United States, shall be removed from Office on 
Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or 
other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.

ARTICLE III

Section 1

The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested 
in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the 
Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The 
Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold 
their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated 
Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which 
shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office.

Section 2

The Judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and 
Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the 
United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, 
under their Authority;---to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, 
other public Ministers and Consuls;---to all Cases of 
admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;---to Controversies to 
which the United States shall be a Party;---to Controversies 
between two or more States;---between a State and Citizens 
of another State;---between Citizens of different States,---
between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under 
Grants of different States, and between a State, or the 
Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.

In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers 
and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be a Party, 
the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all 
the other Cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court 
shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, 
with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the 
Congress shall make.

The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, 
shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State 
where the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when 
not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such 
Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed.

Section 3

Treason against the United States, shall consist only in 
levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, 
giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted 
of Treason unless on the testimony of two Witnesses to the 
same overt Act, or on Confession in open court.

The Congress shall have Power to declare the Punishment of 
Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption 
of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person 
attainted.

ARTICLE IV

Section 1

Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the 
public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every 
other State. And the Congress may by general Laws 
prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and 
Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof.

Section 2

The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges 
and Immunities of Citizens in the several States.

A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other 
Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another 
State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the 
State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to 
the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime.

No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the 
Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence 
of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such 
Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the 
Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due.

Section 3

New States may be admitted by the Congress into this 
Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within 
the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed 
by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, 
without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States 
concerned as well as of the Congress.

The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all 
needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or 
other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing 
in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice 
any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State.

Section 4

The United States shall guarantee to every State in this 
Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect 
each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the 
Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature 
cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.

ARTICLE V

The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall 
deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this 
Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of 
two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for 
proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be 
valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, 
when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the 
several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as 
the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed 
by the Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may 
be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and 
eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses 
in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State, 
without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage 
in the Senate.

ARTICLE VI

All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before 
the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against 
the United States under this Constitution, as under the 
Confederation.

This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which 
shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, 
or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United 
States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the 
Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing 
in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary 
notwithstanding.

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and 
the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all 
executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States 
and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or 
Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious 
Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office 
or public Trust under the United States.

Article VII

The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall 
be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution 
between the States so ratifying the Same.

First Amendment

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment 
of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or 
abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the 
right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition 
the Government for a redress of grievances.

Second Amendment

A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of 
a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, 
shall not be infringed.

Third Amendment

No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, 
without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in 
a manner to be prescribed by law.

Fourth Amendment

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, 
papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and 
seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, 
but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, 
and particularly describing the place to be searched, and 
the persons or things to be seized.

Fifth Amendment

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise 
infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of 
a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval 
forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of 
War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for 
the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; 
nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness 
against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, 
without due process of law; nor shall private property be 
taken for public use, without just compensation.

Sixth Amendment

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right 
to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State 
and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, 
which district shall have been previously ascertained by 
law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the 
accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against 
him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses 
in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his 
defence.

Seventh Amendment

In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy 
shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be 
preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-
examined in any Court of the United States, than according 
to the rules of the common law.

Eighth Amendment

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines 
imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

Ninth Amendment

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall 
not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the 
people.

Tenth Amendment

The powers not delegated to the United States by the 
Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved 
to the States respectively, or to the people.

Eleventh Amendment

The Judicial power of the United States shall not be 
construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced 
or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens 
of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign 
State.

Twelfth Amendment

The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote 
by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, 
at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with 
themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person 
voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person 
voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct 
lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons 
voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for 
each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit 
sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, 
directed to the President of the Senate;–The President of 
the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House 
of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes 
shall then be counted;–The person having the greatest 
number of votes for President, shall be the President, 
if such number be a majority of the whole number of 
Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, 
then from the persons having the highest numbers not 
exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, 
the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, 
by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, 
the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from 
each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall 
consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the 
states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary 
to a choice. [And if the House of Representatives shall 
not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall 
devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next 
following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, 
as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability 
of the President.–]The person having the greatest number 
of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if 
such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors 
appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the 
two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the 
Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of 
two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority 
of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no 
person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President 
shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United 
States.

Thirteenth Amendment

Section 1

Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a 
punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been 
duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any 
place subject to their jurisdiction.

Section 2

Congress shall have power to enforce this article by 
appropriate legislation.

Fourteenth Amendment

Section 1

All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and 
subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United 
States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall 
make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges 
or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall 
any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, 
without due process of law; nor deny to any person within 
its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Section 2

Representatives shall be apportioned among the several 
States according to their respective numbers, counting the 
whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians 
not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the 
choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the 
United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive 
and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the 
Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants 
of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens 
of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for 
participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of 
representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion 
which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the 
whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in 
such State.

Section 3

No Person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, 
or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any 
office, civil or military, under the United States, or under 
any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a 

B5

OUR CONSTITUTION!

Mountain Views-News Saturday, July 2, 2022 

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