Mountain Views News, Combined Edition Saturday, July 18, 2020

B4 
Mountain Views News Saturday, July 4, 2020 OUR CONSTITUTION! B4 
Mountain Views News Saturday, July 4, 2020 OUR CONSTITUTION! 
THE PREAMBLE 
We the People of the United States, in Order to form a 
more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic 
Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote 
the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to 
ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this 
Constitution for the United States of America. 

ARTICLE I 

Section 1 

All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in 

a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a 

Senate and House of Representatives. 

Section 2 

The House of Representatives shall be composed of 

Members chosen every second Year by the People of 

the several States, and the Electors in each State shall 

have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most 

numerous Branch of the State Legislature. 

No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have 
attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven 
Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, 
when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he 
shall be chosen. 

Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned 
among the several States which may be included within 
this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which 
shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of 
free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term 
of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of 
all other Persons. The actual Enumeration shall be made 
within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress 
of the United States, and within every subsequent Term 
of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. 
The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for 
every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least 
one Representative; and until such enumeration shall 
be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled 
to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and 
Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New-York 
six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, 
Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South 
Carolina five, and Georgia three. 

When vacancies happen in the Representation from any 

State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs 

of Election to fill such Vacancies. 

The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker 

and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of 

Impeachment. 

Section 3 

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of 

two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature 

thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one 

Vote. 

ImmediatelyaftertheyshallbeassembledinConsequence 
of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as 
may be into three classes. The Seats of the Senators of 
the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the 
second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the 
fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of 
the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every 
second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation 
or otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of 
any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary 
Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature, 
which shall then fill such Vacancies. 

No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained 
to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen 
of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be 
an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. 

The Vice President of the United States shall be President 

of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be 

equally divided. 

The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also 
a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice 
President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President 
of the United States. 

The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all 
Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall 
be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the 
United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And 
no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of 
two thirds of the Members present. 

Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend 
further than to removal from Office, and disqualification 
to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit 
under the United States: but the Party convicted shall 
nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, 
Judgment and Punishment, according to Law. 

Section 4 

The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for 

Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each 

State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at 

any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except 

as to the Places of chusing Senators. 

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every 
Year, and such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in 
December, unless they shall by Law appoint a different 
Day. 

Section 5 

Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns 

and Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority 

of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but 

a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and 

may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent 

Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as 
each House may provide. 

Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, 
punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with 
the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member. 

Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings and 
from time to time publish the same, excepting such 
Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the 
Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any 
question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, 
be entered on the Journal. 

Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, 
without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than 
three days, nor to any other Place than that in which the 
two Houses shall be sitting. 

Section 6 
The Senators and Representatives shall receive a 
Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by 
Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. 
They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and 
Breach of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during 
their Attendance at the Session of their respective Houses 
and in going to and returning from the same; and for 
any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be 
questioned in any other Place. 

No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for 
which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office 
under the Authority of the United States, which shall 
have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have 
been encreased during such time; and no Person holding 
any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of 
either House during his Continuance in Office. 

Section 7 
All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House 
of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur 
with Amendments as on other Bills. 

Every Bill which shall have passed the House of 
Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become 
a Law, be presented to the President of the United 
States; If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall 
return it, with his Objections to that House in which it 
shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at 
large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If 
after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall 
agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the 
Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise 
be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that 
House, it shall become a Law. But in all such Cases 
the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas 
and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and 
against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each 
House respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned by 
the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after 
it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be 
a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the 
Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in 
which Case it shall not be a Law. 

Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the 
Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives 
may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) 
shall be presented to the President of the United States; 
and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved 
by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed 
by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, 
according to the Rules and Limitation prescribed in the 
Case of a Bill. 

Section 8 
The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, 
Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and 
provide for the common Defence and general Welfare 
of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises 
shall be uniform throughout the United States; 

To borrow Money on the credit of the United States; 

To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among 
the several States, and with the Indian Tribes; 

To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and 
uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout 
the United States; 

To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign 
Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures; 

To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the 
Securities and current Coin of the United States; 

To establish Post Offices and post Roads; 

To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by 
securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors 
the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and 
Discoveries; 

To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court; 

To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on 
the high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations; 

To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, 
and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water; 

To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of 
Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two 
Years; 

To provide and maintain a Navy; 

To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the 

land and naval Forces; 

To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the 
Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel 
Invasions; 

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the 
Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be 
employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to 
the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, 
and the Authority of training the Militia according to the 
discipline prescribed by Congress; 

To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, 
over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as 
may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance 
of Congress, become the Seat of Government of the 
United States, and to exercise like Authority over all 
Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of 
the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection 
of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other 
needful Buildings;–And 

To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper 
for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, 
and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the 
Government of the United States, or in any Department 
or Officer thereof. 

Section 9 
The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any 
of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, 
shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year 
one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty 
may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten 
dollars for each Person. 

The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be 
suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion 
the public Safety may require it. 

No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed. 

No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless 
in Proportion to the Census or enumeration herein before 
directed to be taken. 

No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from 
any State. 

No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of 
Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over 
those of another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one 
State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. 

No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury but in 
Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and 
a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and 
Expenditures of all public Money shall be published 
from time to time. 

No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: 
And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under 
them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress accept 
of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind 
whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State. 

Section 10 
No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or 
Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; 
coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but 
gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; 
pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law 
impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title 
of Nobility. 

No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay 
any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except 
what may be absolutely necessary for executing it’s 
inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and 
Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be 
for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all 
such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul 
of the Congress. 

No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any 
Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time 
of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with 
another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, 
unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as 
will not admit of delay. 

ARTICLE II 
Section 1 
The executive Power shall be vested in a President of 
the United States of America. He shall hold his Office 
during the Term of four Years, and, together with the 
Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as 
follows 

EachStateshallappoint,insuchMannerastheLegislature 
thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the 
whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which 
the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator 
or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust 
or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an 
Elector. 

The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and 
vote by Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall 
not be an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. 
And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted 
for, and of the Number of Votes for each; which List 
they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the 
Seat of the Government of the United States, directed 
to the President of the Senate. The President of the 
Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House 
of Representatives, open all the Certificates, and the 
Votes shall then be counted. The Person having the 

Mountain Views News 80 W Sierra Madre Blvd. No. 327 Sierra Madre, Ca. 91024 Office: 626.355.2737 Fax: 626.609.3285 Email: editor@mtnviewsnews.com Website: www.mtnviewsnews.com