Mountain Views News, Combined Edition Saturday, July 2, 2022

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Mountain Views-News Saturday, July 2, 2022 OUR CONSTITUTION! B4B4 
Mountain Views-News Saturday, July 2, 2022 OUR CONSTITUTION! 
THE PREAMBLE 
We the People of the United States, in Order to form a moreperfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility,
provide for the common defence, promote the generalWelfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and 
our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for 
the United States of America. 

ARTICLE I 

Section 1 

All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in

a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a

Senate and House of Representatives. 

Section 2 

The House of Representatives shall be composed of 

Members chosen every second Year by the People of the

several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the 

Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous 


Branch of the State Legislature. 

No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have

attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven 


Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, 

when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he 

shall be chosen. 

Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportionedamong the several States which may be included withinthis Union, according to their respective Numbers, whichshall be determined by adding to the whole Number of 
free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term 

of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of 


all other Persons. The actual Enumeration shall be made 

within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress

of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of

ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. TheNumber of Representatives shall not exceed one for everythirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least oneRepresentative; and until such enumeration shall be made,
the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chusethree, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence

Plantations 
one, 
Connecticut 
five, 
New-York 
six, 
New 


Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland

six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five,

and Georgia three. 

When vacancies happen in the Representation from any

State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of 

Election to fill such Vacancies. 


The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker 


and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of 


Impeachment. 

Section 3 

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two

Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof,

for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote. 

Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence

ofthefirstElection,theyshallbedividedasequallyasmay

be into three classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first 


Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year,
of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year,
and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year,
so that one third may be chosen every second Year; and ifVacancies happen by Resignation or otherwise, during theRecess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof

maymake temporary Appointments until the next Meeting

of the Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies. 


No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to 
the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen ofthe United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an 
Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. 

The Vice President of the United States shall be President 

oftheSenate,butshallhavenoVote,unlesstheybeequally

divided. 

The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a 


President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, 

or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the 


United States. 

The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments.

When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or 

Affirmation. When the President of the United States is 


tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall

be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the 

Members present. 

Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend

further than to removal from Office, and disqualification

to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under

the United States: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless

be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and

Punishment, according to Law. 

Section 4 

The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for

Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each

State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at

any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as

to the Places of chusing Senators. 

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year,

andsuchMeetingshallbeonthefirstMondayinDecember,

unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day. 


Section 5 

Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns

and Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority

of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a 
smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may beauthorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members,
in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House 
may provide. 

Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings,

punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the

Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member. 

Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings and 


from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts 

as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas 
and Nays of the Members of either House on any questionshall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered 


on the Journal. 

Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall,
without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more thanthree days, nor to any other Place than that in which thetwo Houses shall be sitting. 

Section 6 
The Senators and Representatives shall receive a 
Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law,
and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. Theyshall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of thePeace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendanceat the Session of their respective Houses and in going toand returning from the same; and for any Speech or Debate

in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other 


Place. 

No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for

which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office 


under the Authority of the United States, which shall havebeen created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been 
encreased during such time; and no Person holding any

Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either 
House during his Continuance in Office. 


Section 7 
All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the Houseof Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concurwith Amendments as on other Bills. 

Every Bill which shall have passed the House of 
Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become aLaw, be presented to the President of the United States; If heapprove he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with hisObjections to that House in which it shall have originated,
who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, andproceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration twothirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall besent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by

which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by

two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all 
such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined 
by yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons votingfor and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal ofeach House respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned bythe President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after itshall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law,

in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress

by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case itshall not be a Law. 

Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrenceof the Senate and House of Representatives may be

necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be 


presented to the President of the United States; and before

the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or 


being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirdsof the Senate and House of Representatives, according tothe Rules and Limitation prescribed in the Case of a Bill. 

Section 8 
The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes,
Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and providefor the common Defence and general Welfare of the UnitedStates; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniformthroughout the United States; 

To borrow Money on the credit of the United States; 

To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and amongthe several States, and with the Indian Tribes; 

To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform 

Lawson thesubjectof Bankruptciesthroughoutthe United

States; 

To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign

Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures; 


To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting theSecurities and current Coin of the United States; 

To establish Post Offices and post Roads; 


To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, bysecuring for limited Times to Authors and Inventors theexclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries; 

To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court; 

To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on 
the high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations; 


To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, andmake Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water; 


To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of 
Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than twoYears; 

To provide and maintain a Navy; 

To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the 


land and naval Forces; 

To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Lawsof the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions; 

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, theMilitia, and for governing such Part of them as may beemployed in the Service of the United States, reserving to

the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, 


and the Authority of training the Militia according to thediscipline prescribed by Congress; 

To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, 

over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as 


may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptanceof Congress, become the Seat of Government of the 

United States, and to exercise like Authority over all 


Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature ofthe State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of 

Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful 


Buildings;–And 

To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for

carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all otherPowers vested by this Constitution in the Government of

the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof. 


Section 9 
The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the

Statesnowexistingshallthinkpropertoadmit,shallnotbe

prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousandeight hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty may be imposedon such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for eachPerson. 

The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be 
suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion 

the public Safety may require it. 


No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed. 

No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unlessin Proportion to the Census or enumeration herein before

directed to be taken. 


No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from anyState. 

No Preference shall be given by any Regulation ofCommerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those 
of another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, 
be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. 

No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury but in

ConsequenceofAppropriationsmadebyLaw;andaregular

Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures ofall public Money shall be published from time to time. 

No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States:

And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under 


them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress accept

of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind

whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State. 

Section 10 
No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or 

Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coinMoney; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold

and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass anyBill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing theObligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility. 

No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, layany Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except whatmay be absolutely necessary for executing it’s inspectionLaws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laidby any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use ofthe Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shallbe subject to the Revision and Controul of the Congress. 

No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any

Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of 


Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with anotherState, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unlessactually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not 
admit of delay. 

ARTICLE II 
Section 1 
The executive Power shall be vested in a President of 

the United States of America. He shall hold his Office 


during the Term of four Years, and, together with the VicePresident, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows 

Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature

thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the 


whole Number of Senators and Representatives to whichthe State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator 

or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or 
ProfitundertheUnitedStates,shallbeappointedanElector. 


The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and voteby Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall notbe an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And 

they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and 


of the Number of Votes for each; which List they shallsign and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of theGovernment of the United States, directed to the President 
of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the 
presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open

all the Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted. 


The Person having the greatest Number of Votes shall bethe President, if such Number be a Majority of the wholeNumber of Electors appointed; and if there be more than

one who have such Majority, and have an equal Number of

Votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediatelychuse by Ballot one of them for President; and if no Person

have a Majority, then from the five highest on the List 
the said House shall in like manner chuse the President. 
But in chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken by

States, the Representation from each State having one Vote;

A quorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or 


Members from two thirds of the States, and a Majority of 
all the States shall be necessary to a Choice. In every Case,
after the Choice of the President, the Person having the 
greatest Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the VicePresident. But if there should remain two or more who have 

equalVotes,theSenateshallchusefromthembyBallotthe

Vice President. 

The Congress may determine the Time of chusing theElectors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes;
which Day shall be the same throughout the United States. 

No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizenof the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this

Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; 
neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shallnot have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been 


fourteen Years a Resident within the United States. 

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