Mountain Views News, Combined Edition Saturday, July 2, 2022

Mountain Views-News Saturday, July 2, 2022 
B5OUR CONSTITUTION! Mountain Views-News Saturday, July 2, 2022 
B5OUR CONSTITUTION! 
In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of 


his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers

and Duties of the said Office, the Same shall devolve on 


the Vice President, and the Congress may by law providefor the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability,
both of the President and Vice President, declaring what

Officer shall then act as President, and such Officer shall act 


accordingly, until the Disability be removed, or a Presidentshall be elected. 

The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, 
a Compensation, which shall neither be encreased nor 
diminished during the Period for which he shall have beenelected, and he shall not receive within that Period anyother Emolument from the United States, or any of them. 

Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take 
the following Oath or Affirmation:– I do solemly swear (oraffirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President

of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability,
preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the UnitedStates. 

Section 2 
The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Armyand Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of theseveral States, when called into the actual Service of the 

United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of 
the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments,

upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective

Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and 
Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in 


Cases of Impeachment. 

He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent

of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the 


Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by andwith the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appointAmbassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges

of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United 


States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwiseprovided for, and which shall be established by Law: butthe Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such

inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President 


alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments. 

The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that 

may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by grantingCommissions which shall expire at the End of their next 
Session. 

Section 3 
He shall from time to time give to the Congress Informationof the State of the Union, and recommend to their 
Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessaryand expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, 
convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of 
Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Timeof Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as

he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and 
other public Ministers; he shall take Care that the Laws befaithfully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers 


of the United States. 

Section 4 

The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of 
the United States, shall be removed from Office on 


Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, orother high Crimes and Misdemeanors. 

ARTICLE III 
Section 1 
The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vestedin one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as theCongress may from time to time ordain and establish. TheJudges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold

their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated 


Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which

shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office. 


Section 2 
The Judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and 

Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the 


United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, 

under their Authority;---to all Cases affecting Ambassadors,
other public Ministers and Consuls;---to all Cases of 
admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;---to Controversies to 
which the United States shall be a Party;---to Controversiesbetween two or more States;---between a State and Citizens 
of another State;---between Citizens of different States,--


between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under 

Grants of different States, and between a State, or the 


Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects. 

In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers

and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be a Party,
the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all 
the other Cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court 
shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact,
with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the

Congressshallmake. 


The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment,
shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the Statewhere the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when 
not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such 
Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed. 

Section 3 
Treason against the United States, shall consist only inlevying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies,
giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convictedof Treason unless on the testimony of two Witnesses to thesame overt Act, or on Confession in open court. 

The Congress shall have Power to declare the Punishment of

Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption

of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Personattainted. 

ARTICLE IV 
Section 1 
Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to thepublic Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every 

other State. And the Congress may by general Lawsprescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and

Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof. 


Section 2 
The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privilegesand Immunities of Citizens in the several States. 

A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other

Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another 


State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the

State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to

the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime. 

No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the 

Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence

of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from suchService or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of theParty to whom such Service or Labour may be due. 

Section 3 
New States may be admitted by the Congress into thisUnion; but no new State shall be formed or erected within 
the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formedby the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, 
without the Consent of the Legislatures of the Statesconcerned as well as of the Congress. 

The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all

needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory orother Property belonging to the United States; and nothingin this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudiceany Claims of the United States, or of any particular State. 

Section 4 
The United States shall guarantee to every State in thisUnion a Republican Form of Government, and shall protecteach of them against Invasion; and on Application of theLegislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislaturecannot be convened) against domestic Violence. 

ARTICLE V 
The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shalldeem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to thisConstitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of 
two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for 
proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall bevalid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution,

when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the 


several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as

the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed

by the Congress; Provided that no Amendment which maybe made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and

eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clausesin the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State, 
without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage

in the Senate. 

ARTICLE VI 
All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, beforethe Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid againstthe United States under this Constitution, as under the 
Confederation. 

This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which 
shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, 
or which shall be made, under the Authority of the UnitedStates, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and theJudges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thingin the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrarynotwithstanding. 

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, andthe Members of the several State Legislatures, and all

executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States 


and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or

Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religiousTest shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office

or public Trust under the United States. 

Article VII 

The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall 
be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution 


between the States so ratifying the Same. 

First Amendment 

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment 


of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; orabridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the 
right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petitionthe Government for a redress of grievances. 

Second Amendment 
A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of

a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms,

shall not be infringed. 

Third Amendment 

No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house,

without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in 
a manner to be prescribed by law. 

Fourth Amendment 
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, 

papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and 


seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, 

but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation,

and particularly describing the place to be searched, andthe persons or things to be seized. 

Fifth Amendment 
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwiseinfamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment ofa Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or navalforces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of 
War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for

the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb;

nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witnessagainst himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property,
without due process of law; nor shall private property be

taken for public use, without just compensation. 


Sixth Amendment 
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right 

to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the Stateand district wherein the crime shall have been committed, 
which district shall have been previously ascertained bylaw, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the 
accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses againsthim; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses 
in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his 
defence. 

Seventh Amendment 
In Suits at common law, where the value in controversyshall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be

preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re


examined in any Court of the United States, than accordingto the rules of the common law. 

Eighth Amendment

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines 
imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 


Ninth Amendment 
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shallnot be construed to deny or disparage others retained by thepeople. 

Tenth Amendment 
The powers not delegated to the United States by theConstitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reservedto the States respectively, or to the people. 

Eleventh Amendment 
The Judicial power of the United States shall not be 

construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced

or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizensof another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any ForeignState. 

Twelfth Amendment 
The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote

by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, 


at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with 
themselves; they shall name in their ballots the personvoted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person

voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct 


lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons

voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for 


each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmitsealed to the seat of the government of the United States,
directed to the President of the Senate;–The President of 
the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House

of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes 


shall then be counted;–The person having the greatestnumber of votes for President, shall be the President, 
if such number be a majority of the whole number ofElectors appointed; and if no person have such majority,
then from the persons having the highest numbers notexceeding three on the list of those voted for as President,
the House of Representatives shall choose immediately,
by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President,

the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from 
each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shallconsist of a member or members from two-thirds of the 


states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessaryto a choice. [And if the House of Representatives shallnot choose a President whenever the right of choice shalldevolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next

following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, 


as in the case of the death or other constitutional disabilityof the President.–]The person having the greatest number

of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if 


such number be a majority of the whole number of Electorsappointed, and if no person have a majority, then from thetwo highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the

Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of 
two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority

of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no 

person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President 
shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United 


States. 

Thirteenth Amendment 
Section 1 
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a 
punishment for crime whereof the party shall have beenduly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or anyplace subject to their jurisdiction. 

Section 2 
Congress shall have power to enforce this article byappropriate legislation. 

Fourteenth Amendment 
Section 1 
All persons born or naturalized in the United States, andsubject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the UnitedStates and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall

make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges

or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall 
any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property,
without due process of law; nor deny to any person within

its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. 


Section 2 
Representatives shall be apportioned among the severalStates according to their respective numbers, counting thewhole number of persons in each State, excluding Indiansnot taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the

choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the 


United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive

and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the 


Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants

of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens 


of the United States, or in any way abridged, except forparticipation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis ofrepresentation therein shall be reduced in the proportionwhich the number of such male citizens shall bear to the 

whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in 


such State. 

Section 3 
No Person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, 

or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any 
office, civil or military, under the United States, or under 
any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a 


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